Travellers will receive an active vaccine. This is a purified, inactivated preparation of hepatitis A virus.

Those travelling to or who will be residing in areas where the disease is common, particularly if sanitation and food hygiene is likely to be poor. Additional vaccine information: The vaccine is also available combined with hepatitis B or typhoid.

A single injection 2 weeks prior to travel. Then a reinforcing dose 6-12 months later.

2 weeks before travel

General issues: Patients who have had a serious reaction (”anaphylaxis”) to a previous dose of this vaccine or its constituents. Specific issues: One brand of vaccine ”Epaxal” should not be given to those who have had anaphylaxis to hens’ eggs.

There is no evidence of risk.

25 years

Very few. Temporary tenderness at the site of the injection.

Very few. Temporary tenderness at the site of the injection.

£82 per dose

The vaccine is administered by orally (dissolved in a glass of water), and contains killed cholera cells and toxin.

Travellers with journeys to remote areas where cholera epidemics are occurring and there is limited access to medical care. Additional vaccine information: Food and drink should be avoided for one hour before and one hour after vaccination. Oral administration of other medicinal products should be avoided within one hour before and after administration of the vaccine.

The primary course of the immunisation must be restarted if more than six weeks have elapsed between the first and second doses or if more than two years have elapsed since the last vaccination. These recommendations are unique to this vaccine.

2 weeks before travel

General issues: The vaccine is not recommended for prevention of the syndrome of travellers’ diarrhoea since it is only one of the many bacteria, viruses and protozoa that cause this syndrome. Specific issues: A confirmed anaphylactic reaction to a previous dose of oral cholera vaccine, or a confirmed anaphylactic reaction to formaldehyde or any of the components of the vaccine.

No data are available on the safety of oral cholera vaccine in pregnant or breast-feeding women. There is no evidence of risk from vaccinating pregnant women or those who are breast-feeding. If the risk of cholera is high then the vaccine should be considered.

2 years

Serious adverse events, including a flu-like syndrome, rash, arthralgia and paraesthesiae are rare, occurring in fewer than one per 10,000 doses distributed

£40 per dose

Inactivated strains of Japanese Encephalitis virus.

Those travelling to or residing in areas where the disease is common. The disease is seasonal in some areas, and plans for protection should be considered accordingly. Additional vaccine information: Only IXIARO vaccine is licenced in the UK.

Two doses at 0 and 28 days. Vaccine effective 7 days after 2nd dose.

6 weeks before travel

Patients who have had a serious reaction (”anaphylaxis”) to a previous dose of this vaccine or its constituents.

Subject to medical assessment, vaccine is not recommended for pregnant or breast feeding women.

1 year

Very few. Temporary tenderness at the site of the injection

£105 per dose

There are two types of vaccine available: an injectable and an oral variety. We recommend the use of the injectable variety.

Travellers to countries where typhoid is common, especially if staying with or visiting the local population, or with frequent and/or prolonged exposure to conditions where sanitation and food hygiene are likely to be poor. Additional vaccine information: The vaccine is available in a combined preparation with Hepatitis A.

A single dose by injection.

2 weeks before travel

General issues: Patients who have had a serious reaction (”anaphylaxis”) to a previous dose of this vaccine or its constituents. Specific issues: If you decide to have the oral preparation, you should discuss malaria treatment with the clinician

There is no data available about safety in pregnancy and breast feeding. So, subject to medical assessment, vaccine is not recommended for pregnant or breast feeding women.

3 years

Very few. Temporary tenderness at the site of the injection. Some patients describe temporary headache and nausea.

£56 per dose